International Journal of Preventive Medicine
Volume:11 Issue: 4, Apr 2020

Hypertension is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in cardiovascular patients in Iran by meta‑analysis.

The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed , Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 statistic . Data were analyzed using STATA 11.1.

In 66 reviewed studies with a sample of 111,406 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 44% in Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease 67%(95%CI: 38%–49%) in women and 42% in men. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients was 25%, diastolic 20%, diabetes 27%, and overexposure 43%. The prevalence of hypertension was 44% in patients with coronary artery disease, 50% in myocardial infarction, 33% in aortic aneurysm, and 44% in cardiac failure.

Hypertension has a higher prevalence in women with cardiovascular disease than men, and it increases with age. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction patients have the highest levels of hypertension. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients is higher than diastolic hypertension.

Iron deficiency is prevalent in overweight and obese individuals and may be induced by adiposity‑related inflammation that affect iron metabolism.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between hematological parameters and obesity‑induced inflammation among young females.

A total of 170 young women (aged between 18‑35 years) participated in this cross‑sectional study. Obesity was assessed by BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), and body fat percentage. Inflammatory and hematological parameters including hs‑CRP (high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein), serum Fe, hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC (total iron binding capacity) were measured. Dietary intakes of some nutrients (total iron, proteins, calcium, and vitamin C) were assessed according to BMI, WHR and fat mass categories.

Serum iron were negatively correlated with BMI (P = 0.045, r = −0.154) and hs‑CRP (P = 0.032, r = −0.165). Hemoglobin were also negatively correlated with BMI (P = 0.043, r = −0.155). A significant correlation was also shown between WHR with transferrin (P = 0.034, r = 0.163) and TIBC levels (P = 0.035, r = 0.162), hs‑CRP was positively correlated with BMI (P = 0.014, r = 0.183), WHR (P = 0.009, r = 0.202) and body fat percentage (P = 0.037, r = 0.353). Dietary intakes did not differ significantly among BMI, WHR and fat mass categories (P > 0.05).

Obesity‑induced inflammation, regardless of dietary intake of iron, can lead to iron deficiency. Therefore, weight control, especially in obese subjects is necessary to prevent iron deficiency and anemia.

Hypertension is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in cardiovascular patients in Iran by meta‑analysis.

The search was carried out using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, ScienceDirect, PubMed , Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engine without any time limitation until 2017. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 statistic . Data were analyzed using STATA 11.1.

In 66 reviewed studies with a sample of 111,406 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 44% in Iranian patients with cardiovascular disease 67%(95%CI: 38%–49%) in women and 42% in men. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients was 25%, diastolic 20%, diabetes 27%, and overexposure 43%. The prevalence of hypertension was 44% in patients with coronary artery disease, 50% in myocardial infarction, 33% in aortic aneurysm, and 44% in cardiac failure.

Hypertension has a higher prevalence in women with cardiovascular disease than men, and it increases with age. Among patients with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction patients have the highest levels of hypertension. The prevalence of systolic hypertension in cardiac patients is higher than diastolic hypertension.

The increase in smoking e‑cigarettes with nicotine or only flavoring compounds requires a deep study on consequences on human health. This research aims to study the possible process, to form free radicals or the nuclei’s damages with consequent micronuclei’s formation.

The study analyzed three groups: the first one that uses e‑cigarettes with nicotine, (e‑nicotine), the second flavoured liquid (e‑vapor) and third the not‑smoking group. We determinated the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA), the total salivary mucins (SM). and in buccal smear cells the micronuclei (MN). We statistically analyzed the results with the Mann‑Whitney U Test Calculator.

Smoking e‑cigarettes e‑nicotine or e‑vapor produced a great and significative amount of MDA vs control group: p ≤ 0.05. Only those smoking e‑nicotine, have a highest and statically significant amount of salivary mucins vs control group: P value 00496. In both smokers groups, the mean of MN scores has a significant difference vs control group P ≤ 0.05.

This study shows the possible damages of the nuclei, but the increase of radicals, oral mucins and MN needs more researches.